Resources

Biogas & Biomethane – Powering the Circular Energy Economy
Biogas & Biomethane – Powering the Circular Energy Economy

Biogas and its upgraded form, biomethane, are at the forefront of Europe’s shift toward renewable, circular, and locally produced energy. As decarbonization accelerates, these bio-based gases are becoming key enablers…

First- and Second-Generation Biodiesel & Bionaphtha: Understanding the Differences and Opportunities
First- and Second-Generation Biodiesel & Bionaphtha: Understanding the Differences and Opportunities

As the global energy and chemical sectors pivot toward decarbonization, renewable fuels such as biodiesel and bionaphtha are gaining momentum. But not all renewable fuels are created equal. Here’s a…

The Carbon Chain of Petrochemicals: From C2 to C9 and Beyond
The Carbon Chain of Petrochemicals: From C2 to C9 and Beyond

In the heart of the petrochemical industry lies a simple yet powerful concept: carbon chains. From ethylene (C2) to aromatics and longer-chain hydrocarbons, each “C” product serves as a building…

Decoding Petroleum Coke: Key Terms Explained
Decoding Petroleum Coke: Key Terms Explained

In the world of carbon materials, the term “coke” has deep industrial roots—originating from metallurgical processes where coal was heated in the absence of oxygen to create metallurgical coke (metcoke).

From Feedstock to Fuel: What Defines Biodiesel Quality?​
From Feedstock to Fuel: What Defines Biodiesel Quality?​

High-quality biodiesel starts with high-quality feedstock. To meet international standards such as EN 14214 (EU) or ASTM D6751 (US), biodiesel must comply with strict chemical and physical parameters that ultimately…